Essay on Racism Black People and Huck

Essay on Racism Black People and Huck Essay on Racism: Black People and Huck Ahmed Heiba English 12/14/12 Br. Jammoudy There have been many distrusts and conflicts between black and white people in the past, but as time changes people change too. Friendships between whites and blacks are sometime the closest and sometimes just never work out for some specific people. In the novel â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,† when Jim was in the island with Huck he was so friendly with him even though Huck’s White. Unlike most black people at their time they weren’t racist to each other and went along very well because they knew that they needed each other a lot. Friendships between white and black people should be no different than any other. What makes them different other than their skin color, don’t they have brains too? When Huck escaped from his father and Jim escaped from the widow and they both met up at Jackson’s island, they needed each other a lot. Huck needed Jim’s forecasting like when Jim could tell that it was going to rain and other skills of Jim’s and Jim need Huck for all the materials he had including the canoe and some of Huck’s hunting skills. They both formed a great bond and became really good friends. They became friends to the degree that Huck could’ve told on Jim and won 300 dollars but Huck said he’d rather die than betray his friend. Today there are many friendships between white and black people but there are always these people that don’t prefer them and try to exclude them out of the society. In the novel, before Jim escaped to Jackson’s island he was a slave for the widow. He had to work for her and he wasn’t allowed to do anything else and for the work he would get food and that’s all. People around hi m would exclude him out of everything. He wasn’t educated even and didn’t used to talk to anyone but the little kids. This made him barely know how to pronounce words when he grew up. Teachers, who were all white, wouldn’t want

Answers to Questions About Suffixes

Answers to Questions About Suffixes Answers to Questions About Suffixes Answers to Questions About Suffixes By Mark Nichol Here are several questions from DailyWritingTips.com readers about suffixes, followed by my responses. 1. Why is cheese-like written as two words, when doglike and catlike are written as single words? I often come across other words that are joined to like with hyphens. Usually, words that end with a vowel are attached to suffixes such as -like with a hyphen, rather than directly attached as a closed compound. (Lifelike is an exception.) 2. How should the word handful be pluralized? I have always used handsful, rather than handfuls. Plurals of words with the suffix -ful always take the s after the suffix. But you don’t necessarily always use the suffix: When you wish to emphasize the container, you should write, for example, â€Å"I emptied a bucket full of water into the tub† or â€Å"I emptied several buckets full of water into the tub.† To focus on the contents of the container, you should write, for example, â€Å"I emptied a bucketful of water into the tub† or â€Å"I emptied several bucketfuls of water into the tub.† 3. How come you did not hyphenate warlike in a recent post? Sometimes, in a New Yorker article, I’ll see a word with the suffix -like hyphenated and another word with the same suffix not hyphenated. I believe that in the sixteenth edition of The Chicago Manual of Style, it is hyphenated. The default setting is to omit a hyphen in words with the suffix -like. Here’s a post about hyphenation of words with prefixes and suffixes. Chicago does not use warlike as an example, but according to its general recommendations, the word should be closed. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What Is Irony? (With Examples)Deck the HallsDozen: Singular or Plural?

Marx and Weber- rise of capitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marx and Weber- rise of capitalism - Essay Example Karl Marx and Max Weber are two eminent sociologists whose theories have been regarded as milestones in the development of two distinct schools of thought in sociology. This paper investigates into the theories presented by these two sociologists on the rise and growth of capitalism in the Western society. The theories presented by both the sociologists are very significant, yet very distinct from each other on several bases. The essay compares the differences in the approaches of Marx and Weber towards the emergence of capitalism and the crucial factors behind its origin and growth. After contrasting both the theories, the essay points out the most preferable theories of the two.Marx’s and Weber’s theories of rise of capitalism gave two distinct directions to the world concerning the emergence and growth of capitalism that dramatically transformed the social and economic aspects of life in the Western world from sixteenth century and onwards. Weber criticized and refus ed the theory of capitalism as proposed by Marx and put forward his study on the egression of capitalism Western society that differs with Marx’s approach on several grounds. Karl Marx was a sociologist who wrote to make people aware of the changes taking place in their social and economic environment due to the growth of capitalistic systemIn his renowned book â€Å"Capital†, he illustrates capitalism as a system of production under which entrepreneur class or few capitalists control the means necessary to bring about production process

A WalMart Monopoly Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

A WalMart Monopoly - Case Study Example Growth accelerated by takeovers and buyouts of other retail chains also fuel the power of the corporation to grow bigger. The study analyses three articles on Wal-Mart to assess their role in various economic scenarios. The author contends that a rural community where Wal-Mart has entered has had adverse effects. Wal-Mart is another stage in a long process where the retailers business has shifted from the local stores. Sears catalog was one, increased prevalence of the automobile giving access to local towns was another. The shopping malls changed the way America shopped. In the 1960s discount supermarkets made their entry, including among them Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart's strategy was to open a large store in a small town, within easy distance of its distribution centers. It took them 30 years to go national. The author has studied Wal-Mart and its impact extensively to devise strategies for his clients, Iowa retailers. The study has spanned 34 towns in Iowa, all of which has had a Wal-Mart store for at least 10 years. General merchandise stores in towns with no Wal-Mart suffered immediately when Wal-Mart opened. It is generally believed that people in towns with no Wal-Mart traveled out to towns that did . The effect has also been seen on eating and drinking places, which had been more frequented in Wal-Mart towns. Home furnishing sales in non Wal-Mart towns declined. The study has also unearthed that stores carrying similar lines as merchandise stocked in Wal-Mart, probably loses sales. Apparel sales in other stores fell by around 28% in the year in which Wal-Mart opened in a town. Retailers in Smaller towns with less than 5000 population lost most when a Wal-Mart opened. Vermont state officials had tried to keep Wal-Mart away to protect its small traders, but found that the entire sales shifted to New Hampshire and New York where Wal-Mart opened. The author concludes that loss of retail trade for small stores has accelerated in the past two decades. The author then proceeds to suggest a few ways in which retailers can coexist with Wal-Mart. They include stocking merchandise lines, which Wal-Mart does not handle, handle complementary merchandise, go for upscale merchandise etc. A b etter customer profiling, extended working hours, no hassle return policy etc, special order capability which large discount supermarkets don't possess etc are essential. Summary of Article # 2 Author: Hallsworth, Alan and Evers, David Topic: The steady advance of Wal Mart across Europe and changing government attitudes towards planning and competition. Source: Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 2002, Volume 20, pages 297-309 Date 2002 The authors focus on retail internationalization and the ability of EU states and their regulatory mechanism to handle the same. Since 1994, the Wal-Mart format has been creating a systemic change in the retail environments of a number of countries. Planning regulations in many countries are at odds with other policy developers who look forward to encourage competition in order to develop national competitiveness. Netherlands had a tight policy against big box development, but consequent policy decisions could make the market a

Compare and contrast Essay Example for Free

Compare and contrast Essay Often adults feel the need to say â€Å"When I was your age† or â€Å"Things were different back then when I was a young, how things have changed since then.† But what exactly has changed? Although, there are some very obvious differences, there are still some similarities between generations that remain the same. Change, a small word, yet so powerful, frightening yet so embracing Change is inevitable. Frightening feelings can arise when one hears the word change because something that is so accustomed to them from a daily routine or even to new fashion styles, are being changed, resulting in bitter feelings towards the new product, or in this case the newer generation. If really thought about the people of the past bring out the people of the future. The gap between generations is huge, two very different types of people, yet both seem to be so alike. Much like today, racism flooded the streets in the 1960’s. Racism in the 1960’s was a decade of war, between white and colored people, that still today has not been put to an end. Propaganda played a huge role in the influence of white people not liking the colored people back in the 1960’s, but has there really been any difference in today’s society? 50 years later, the people of America still continue to feed off of these allegations from the 60’s that trying to change this issue has almost become impossible, and permanent. President Bush, in the summer of 2003, made a five day trip to Senegal, Africa, where many Africans once passed before being herded onto slave ships. He made comment and it said the following: â€Å"My nation’s journey has not been easy and it is not over. The racial bigotry fed by slavery did not end with slavery or with segregation. And many of the issues that still troubles America have roots in the bitter experience of other passed times.† He clearly states that the problem is acknowledge yet â€Å"undermining any effort to deal with the problem.†(Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor) One similarity between today’s generation and the past generation(s) is racism still exists. Of course in today’s world, money truly does make the world go round. In this generation and in past generations, everyone was money hungry and still continue to be. But it’s imperative to be money hungry, because without that desire, we would not have what we have today. During the 1960’s the United  States practiced its longest continual period of economic development in history. America’s overseas investments increased to $49.2 billion dollars by 1965. After World War II the US economy improved even more and more leaving less to worry. Americans were out getting jobs because inflation at that current time was stable and corporate profits were also at a high. Unemployment rate was at 1.4 percent, during the winter of 1966 the economy was great, it the actual growth was 9 percent to be exact. This gave President Johnson an annual dividend of $4-5 billion in extra to spend. Just like back in the â€Å"baby boomers and generation x† period, today’s are also money hungry. Teenagers are starting to work harder and harder for their money leaving them the opportunity for a vast area of expertise in the work field at a young age. Parents encourage their kids to get jobs so they know what responsibility is and that you have to earn what you want by working for it, resulting in a money hungry society. Yet, today’s economy is not doing as well as the economy in the 1960’s, leaving that as one of the differences between now and then. Generation Z (1995-2007), contain individuals who more self-expressive, whereas, generation X (1960-1985) are to themselves (Isacosta’site.) Many would argue that one of the reasons why this current generation is â€Å"wild† but what is failed to realize is that people in the generation x era raised us to be this way. Children who were born from 1995-2007 are not responsibly for the way they act because they were raised to be that way. It is thought from a young age to talk about our feelings and express what exactly is going on because we are trying to stay away from being depressed, conservative and uptight like generation x. This comes around full circle, to blame the children of today’s generation for the way they were raised it pathetic. Back then girls had to wear turtle necks, and skirts below the ankle, there were no such thing as showing your shoulders, and now girls where crop tops and short shorts. Women weren’t allowed to question anything, whatever was said by your spouse it what had to be followed. The people of this generation found their voice in society and won’t settle for anything they do not deserve. As much as people want to think things are completely different from these  two generations, they fail to see that some things remain the same. Change happens more than the regular human can realize. There is change all around this world, from the moment one wake up to the moment one falls asleep. Change cannot be stopped, paused or regretted. Moving forward and embracing it is the only way to feel at ease with it. Yet, the general populations fail to realize that there are some similarities, racism and money hungry individuals still ponder the streets of our nation and will continue until change occurs. Although both differentiate in self-expressiveness and conservative aspects, together, unknowingly make change happen. Works Cited Adams, Katie. Generation Gap. Investopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Oct. 2013. International Socialist Review. International Socialist Review. KEEANGA-YAMAHTTA TAYLOR, n.d. Web. 01 Oct. 2013. US History: Economics of the 1960s. US History: Economics of the 1960s. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Sept. 2013.

Blogs - Power of Bloggers and the Magnitude of the Blogosphere Essay ex

The Power of Bloggers and the Magnitude of the Blogosphere What is a blog? Blog is a web-based writing space, an online journal, a virtual forum; it's self-maintained web page that provide a list of links to other web sites along with comments and critics about the links; it's a site containing chronologically ordered information, both personal and impersonal. It's something new - something that will change the way we write just like the way the invention of paper and printing press have influenced our culture. There are many ways to describe what the blog is or what it serves, but a single word can contain everything that blog represents; and that is 'LINK'. This link can be as small as a bridge between a person to another; but what blogging software such as the Movable Type provide is a virtual community where people of all ages, gender, and race come together and share ideas, give feedbacks to opinions of others, and to interact in a well-mannered way. The easy access to internet will draw more and more netizens to the blogosphere, t hus the network of the bloggers will be global in near future. Furthermore, unlike a one-way information route that a paper-based publication takes, bloggers will give, take, and also combine ideas to construct a multiple lanes of interactive information to be reached out to ears and eyes of the bloggers at first, then to the netizens and eventually the whole world at large. Like with the beginning of new things, the primitive bloggers didn't have a specific name for what they were doing. It took many years for blogging to become commercialized and subscribed by many internet users. Nevertheless, blogging has existed since the beginning of the internet. At first, certain knowledg... ...he local bloggers; nevertheless, the interactivities that linked each students and the professor within our own STS-osphere clearly project what will take place in every home, work place, classroom, and everywhere one can imagine in very near future. 1 Mumford, "The Invention of the Printing Press" in Communication in History: Technology, Culture, Society, Crowley and Heyer, eds. (p.96) 2 Foley, John. "Are You Blogging Yet?" July 22, 2002. http://www.informationweek.com/story/IWK20020719S0001> 3 "From Accounting to Written Language: The Role of Abstract Counting in the Invention of Writing" in The Social Construction of written Communication, Denise Schmandt-Besserat p.125 4 Manjoo, Farhad. "Blah, Blah, Blah and Blog" Feb. 18, 2002. http://www.wired.com/news/culture/0,1284,50443,00.html> 5 "Living in the Blog-Osphere" Newsweek, Steven Levy August 26, 2002

Dr. Jonas Salk Polio Vaccine

Dr. Jonas Salk Polio Vaccine Dr. Jonas Salk Polio Vaccine Polio in the 1950’s has American parents in fear and anxiety due to thousands of children were become infected with a crippling disease Poliomyelitis (polio). Polio is a disease caused by infections of the poliovirus, which can affect nerves and can leads to a partial or full paralysis. It is an inflammation of the spinal cord’s gray matter and can sometimes extend into the brainstem. Now thanks to Dr. Salk most children in the U. S get this Polio Vaccine along with many other vaccination shots as children to prevent this from procuring.In New York City in 1914 Russian-Jewish immigrant couples were happy to be blessed with a happy healthy boy names Jonas Salk. His parents had little educational background but they were determined to make sure that there kids succeed and do well. Dr. Salk was the first one in his family to go to college his plan was to go into law but then switched to medical science. While at New York University Dr. Salk was invited to spend a year researching influenza’s. Dr. Salk joined his mentor Dr. Thomas Francis, as a research fellow at the University of Michigan.There, he worked to develop an influenza vaccine In 1947 was appointed to the University of Pittsburgh Medical School and saw a golden opportunity to develop a vaccine against polio and devoted his work to it for the next 8years. In 1948 Dr. Salk took the techniques that he had learned from the past with working with influenzas and the â€Å"principle of vaccinations that if the bod is artificially exposed to a harmless form of the disease virus, the body will produce antibodies that resist or kill dangerous form of the virus if later exposed. â€Å"History of Jonas Salk. †Ã‚  Salk Institute – About Salk – History of Salk – About Jonas Salk. Salk Institute for Biological Studies). † Most of the support he got was from National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis and la ter became known as the March of Dimes. The founder of this organization was Former presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt who himself had Polio. In 1952 Dr. Salk and his team developed what they considered to be a safe potential polio vaccine. The vaccine was given to volunteers who had not had polio Dr.Salk laboratory staff, his kids and wife all volunteered and had no bad reactions to the vaccine. Then they tested in on a group of children at Watson Home for Crippled children located near Pittsburgh. One million kids between 6 and 9 half received the vaccine the other half got a placebo. On April 12, 1955 at the University of Michigan they announced that the vaccine had proven to be safe and effective. A year later they continued to improve it and began to work with a pharmaceutical company to scale it for a clinical trial and commercial manufacture.Dr. Salk spent most of the last 1950’s refining the vaccine and working on the scientific principles behind the researchers and by 1960 Dr. Salk was ready to move on and create a community of researcher’s to expand and work on other things too including Multiple sclerosis, and autoimmune disease , cancer immunology improving manufacture and standardization of killed polio vaccine and then eventually AIDS. The average number of polio cases in the US was more than 45,000 but by 1962 it was only 910. Dr.Salk never received any money for his discovery. A few year later a vaccine made from live polio virus was developed which could be administered orally Dr. Salk’s originally vaccine had to be injected. Dr. Salk last years were spent searching for a vaccine against AIDS Dr. Salk passed away on June 23, 1995 at the age of 80. A memorial at the Institute with a statement from Salk captures his vision: â€Å"Hope lies in dreams, in imagination and in the courage of those who dare to make dreams into reality. Work cited 1. â€Å"Jonas Salk Biography. †Ã‚  Academy of Achievement. N. p. , 05 Feb. 200 5. Web. 24 Jan. 2013. http://www. achievement. org/autodoc/page/sal0bio-1 2. â€Å"Jonas Salk 1914 – 1995. †Ã‚  PBS. PBS, n. d. Web. 24 Jan. 2013. http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/bmsalk. html 3. â€Å"History of Jonas Salk. †Ã‚  Salk Institute – About Salk – History of Salk – About Jonas Salk. Salk Institute for Biological Studies, n. d. Web. 28 Jan. 2013. http://www. salk. edu/about/jonas_salk. html

Culinary art Essay

1. Executive Summary This report is a discussion about a bad review posted by John Trevallin on The Morning Post after his disastrous dinner at the Abbey Restaurant. John had some serious expectation from The Abbey as is considered a premier restaurant with great location and world renowned chef Marcus Vesty who owns the restaurant. This report consists of firstly the immediate stakeholders, who are answerable for the bad review, secondly analyzing the issues that led to the bad review, thirdly suggestions and recommendations on how to tackle the issue so as to live up to the expectations of the owners and saving the Radicor Hotel Darling Harbour as the owners are planning to divert its interest from one of the hotels in this chain. Later in the report discussions on how to live up to the expectations of the loyal guests as well as how to attract new customers after this bad review is considered and finding possible solution to maintain the glory of Radicor as well as The Abbey. 2. Introduction The Radicor Hotel Darling Harbour Sydney is a premier hotel in the heart of the city. Darling Harbor is one the most visited place in Sydney and is the key area of which has a convention center, an exhibition center and many other tourist attractions such as shops cafes. The major attractions for tourists are the Sydney Aquarium and the Chinese Garden. According to the video the total number of visitors in darling harbor last year was 27.9 million out of which 3.8 million visitors is on transit and the remaining 24.6 million are from interstate or overseas. The location of the Radicor hotel attracts both business travelers as well as tourists. Considering the number of visitors it is comprehensible that competition between hotels, cafes and restaurant would be very high. Hotels have to go beyond excellence to attract customers as in such a location with so varied visitors it is a challenge to meet the expectations of everyone and maintaining the customer service level. The Radicor Ho tel takes pride in providing quality and excellence to its guests and stakeholders. Marcus Vesty the world renowned chef runs the Abbey restaurant located on the ground floor of the Radicor Hotel and is considered the leading restaurant in Sydney providing a fusion of flavors from east and west. Marcus leases the restaurant from the Radicor Hotel on a profit share basis. There are a number of issues that the Radicor Hotel is facing and to top that up John’s shocking feedback about The Abbey is now really a knock on the door for them. To make things worse the parent company Simcom Group is certain about selling off one of the Radicor chain Hotels as a result of global financial crisis and Radicor Darling Harbour is on the list. 3. List of Stakeholders The stakeholders that are concerned with this case are Marcus Vesty – the executive chef and owner of Abbey restaurant, Mr Loyd Chan – major shareholder of the Simcom , John Trevallin – The morning post reviewer, Tom Mc Laren – General Manager Radicor Hotel Darling Harbour, the devoted customer’s of Radicor and Abbey restaurant as well as the restaurant team members both front of house and kitchen. 4. Analysis and Recommendation The key issues that need some highlight in this case can be categorized in terms of front of house and kitchen that are not living up to the expectation of customers and shareholders. Firstly we will discuss about the problems in the kitchen which lead to such a bad review. 4.1 Absence of Marcus: One of the major reasons to this is the absence of Marcus in his own restaurant. He being involved too much in doing TV shows, promoting his cookbook and other media appearances is undoubtedly affecting the quality of food served in the restaurant. Marcus coming to the restaurant once or twice fortnightly is not acceptable. Marcus needs to be more involved in the restaurant. He is required to sit with the General Manager, Maitre-d hotel, and sommelier to discuss about the issue and find effective ways to get the reputation of the hotel and the restaurant to its glory. He needs to have a through training session where he is required to clearly convey the target they desire to achieve. Being the executive chef he needs to motivate his employees by providing training, recognition, and bonus(Carroll, 2012). 4.2 Menu planning: Menu planning is a process of creating a menu that suits both management as well as customers taking into account all the characteristic of food service system. Menu in a restaurant for a guest is not just the list of available food but it’s an representation of the procedure and contributes to the overall dining experience by creating a mood and excitement about the experience(Gordon-Davis and Van Rensburg, 2004). The balance between all the food items on the menu is very important so that each course or dish suits the palate(Mc Vety et al., 2008). In the case study as highlighted by John that the some of the dishes were too fragrant and some have an odd after taste. This shows that the menu was not properly balanced and the composition of menu was not up to the mark. 4.3 Standards Recipe not followed: Though Marcus is a very renowned chef and is known for its amazing cooking there could be various other reasons why the food was not up to the mark such as it could be the chefs employed by Marcus that are not doing their job properly. Standard recipe for each dish not being followed by the chefs. So the chefs need to follow the standardrecipe and every time a particular dish comes should be the same. This leads us to the next problem which is lack of staff training. 4.4 Lack of training: It’s clear from the review that there is a lack of training in the kitchen. It’s surveyed that the most important issue the hospitality industry is facing is the training of staffs. Employee training is a vital necessity to generate quality experience for both staffs as well as guests as well trained employees are more likely to deliver high quality service(Kusluvan, 2003). As per the review the food provided was not up to the standards that should be in such a premier restaurant. Clearly the chefs at the Abbey need more training on how to follow the standard recipe and maintaining the consistency. This will eradicate the problem of food being not up to the mark and as a result avoid the negative reviews from guests about food. This will rather help for both the restaurant as well as Marcus to get back the reputation and glory back. Also catering to the guest requirement as much as possible can be taken into consideration to go that extra mile and meet the guest expectation. 4.5 Uniformity of staff: According to the video the front of house staff is employed by the Radicor Hotel except the chefs, sous chef, maitre-d hotel and sommelier which are employed by Marcus himself. This leads to deficiency of control of operational aspects such as training, staff selection, and lack of dedication among staff(Mull et al., 2009). Since Marcus does not have much authority to choose the front of house staff for his restaurant he cannot do much about training and selecting his employees. Since the front of house staff are a part of Radicor Hotel they lack dedication towards the restaurant and don’t take much effort in doing things right. 4.6 Lack of Menu Knowledge: The front of house staff according to the review has very less knowledge about the food. This again is a serious issue of lack of training and dedication of the staff. The knowledge about the menu is a ver y important aspect of a food and beverage staff as they are the ones who are actually dealing with guests and are in direct contact with them. It is expected from every food and beverage staff to know the menu and also about the food (Swanson and Toledo, 2008). The above issues may not be that big when we talk about restaurant failing as a whole but in terms of a fine dining restaurant with such a goodwill these things do matter a lot. As said earlier as well the expectations of guest become so high that it isdifficult to meet them unless each and every detail is looked after. This issue can be easily solved by training the staff; the best way to train the front of house staff about the menu is to have session with chefs. Conducting tasting sessions for staffs and asking them to comment is a very effective way of gaining knowledge about the food (Andrews, 1980). 4.7 Poor ambience of the restaurant: Though the restaurant is located in the famous hotel Radicor Darling Harbour which is in the heart of the city, the ambience inside the restaurant according to John is not like a fine dining restaurant should be. The reasons of this could be overbooking(Gagnon and Gagnon, 2011), location in terms of where the restaurant is in the hotel as well as its in the busiest area of Sydney. In a fine dining restaurant overbooking the location could lead to some very unhappy customers as they expect a quite place so that they can e njoy the experience of high quality service and food and can relax while dining. In fine dining restaurants only that number of booking should be taken which suits the ambience and may be the restaurant could be made partially soundproof so that outside noise does not bother the guests(Baraban and Durocher, 2010). Conclusion The Radicor Hotel Darling Harbour being a reputed hotel with a world class restaurant needs to focus on maintaining their reputation. It’s not only the restaurant that has received a bad review but the hotel as a whole has a lot of loopholes that needs some serious and immediate action so as to stay in the hunt in such a location. The review by John Trevallin is just a mere wake up call for the hotel and the restaurant as the customer satisfaction track record clearly states the failure to meet the targets and shows the downfall of the hotel. The General Manager of Radicor Tom Mc Laren and executive chef Marcus Vesty with the other managers of the hotel needs to start from the scratch and analyse each and every issue and take necessary steps in getting the lost glory back in track and ensuring Mr Lyod Chan that Radicor still has the potential to be the best in the market which as a result will save the hotel from getting sold off. References I. ANDREWS, S. 1980. Food and Beverage Service Manual, McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited. II. BARABAN, R. S. & DUROCHER, J. F. 2010. Successful Restaurant Design, John Wiley & Sons. III. CARROLL, C. 2012. Leadership Lessons From a Chef: Finding Time to Be Great, Wiley. IV. GAGNON, R. & GAGNON, E. 2011. Appetite for Acquisition: The We Sell Restaurants Guide to Buying a Restaurant, Tate Pub & Enterprises Llc. V. GORDON-DAVIS, L. & VAN RENSBURG, L. 2004. The Hospitality Industry Handbook on Nutrition and Menu Planning, Juta. VI. KUSLUVAN, S. 2003. Managing Employee Attitudes and Behaviors in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry, Nova Science Publishers. VII. MCVETY, P. J., WARE, B. J. & WARE, C. L. 2008. Fundamentals of Menu Planning, Wiley. VIII. MULL, R. F., BEGGS, B. A. & RENNEISEN, M. 2009. Recreation Facility Management: Design, Development, Operations, and Utilization, Human Kinetics. IX. SWANSON, N. L. & TOLEDO, T. U. O. 2008. Knowledge and Beliefs of School District Superintendents and Food Service Managers in Michigan Toward Childhood Obesity and the Wellness Policy, The University of Toledo. | Assessment feedback | Assignment no. and Title Name: Rudranil Das ID: 110129132| Key components of this assignment| Performance on this component| Comment| | Excellent| Good| Fair| Poor| Very Poor| | Content: clear understanding of the topic and concepts; adequate coverage of the topic and relevance of the material; application of material| | | | | | | Research: evidence of adequate depth and breadth of research| | | | | | | Reasoning: a logical argument and discussionNote: In an academic essay you are expected to demonstrate to your reader that you have a position and perspective on the topic.| | | | | | | Presentation: Essay format and structure only, with Harvard (Author Date) style referencing and correct Reference List. (An additional Bibliography is not required but a Reference List is essential.)| | | | | | | Summary comment| The Graduate qualities being assessed by this assignment are indicated by an X:| | GQ1: operate effectively with and upon a body of knowledge| | GQ5: are committed to ethical action and social responsibility| | GQ2: are prepared for lifelong learning| | GQ6: communicate effectively| | GQ3: are effective problem solvers| | GQ7: demonstrate an international perspective| | GQ4:can work both autonomously and collaboratively| | | Assignment grade/mark|

buy custom War and the Republic essay

buy custom War and the Republic essay Introduction Academic scholars debate the real purpose of the U.S. foreign policy. Some analyze the foreign policies from collected research and investigations to conclude that America implements these polices to foreign nations only because of self-interest. The benefits that the U.S. derives from foreign policies outweigh the benefits foreign nations derive. Other scholars are quick to respond to the U.S. foreign policy as appropriate measures that a primacy should take to maintain national security, promote world peace, foster humanitarian efforts, promote democracy in oppressed nations and lastly enhance the global economy. The mainstream theorists concur with the position America takes on the global market in increasing or decreasing the value of dollar to affect international trade, the war on terrorism and defense resources that enable the U.S. to have the largest military and weapons systems. The fore fathers of America implemented a neo-conservative system where law and regulations governing the world enhance political, economic and social systems of all countries. This tradition has been carried out regardless of the method used by the U.S. to ensure that the foreign nations achieve the set standards to co-exist in a new world order. Americas use of force is not only effective in some parts of the world, but it also shows that the U.S. is the only super power that has the capability to deploy its military troops in any part of the world to maintain peace, promote democracy and foster humanitarian efforts (Jerick, 2010). The use of force is a quick and easy way to solve conflict as compared to employing the sanctions of the United Nations (UN) that cannot be implemented. Thesis statement: The U.S. foreign policy is implemented to serve the needs of other nations as well as those of Americans as supported by mainstream theorists, but as a primacy, the U.S. abuses its power while developing other nations to improve and sustain the power it holds. Traditional Perspectives of U.S. Foreign Policy National Security The U.S. faces resistance from Islamic extremists, arms dealers and drug traffickers. National Security is protected when other nations or individuals threaten to destruct the defense structure, economic stability and living conditions of Americans. Threats to the National Security are in three distinct categories: state-centered threats, weapons of mass destruction from Islamic extremists and transnational threats (Jerick, 2010). State-centered threats affect different states in the U.S. when foreign nations use their weapons to cause destruction. Countries that have nuclear, chemical and biological weapons point their attack at the U.S. citizens because of the power the U.S. held in the global community and historical methods of solving conflict, which is through force or weapons. State-centered threats include both internal and external conflicts of foreign countries that hold resources that are valuable to the U.S. The war in Iraq and Afghanistan was to obtain democracy for the freedom of their citizens and to acquire oil, which is a very valuable resource for the economy and production of goods and services in the U.S. The internal conflict in Iraq was due to Saddam Husseins dictatorship, which prevented free markets and encouraged discrimination of women, children and men who tried to exercise democracy. Weapons of mass destruction from Islamic extremists such as members of Al-Qaeda contributed to the great loss of lives and property damage in 11th September bombings in the U.S. The terrorists carried the bombs into commercial flights and directed the airplanes to major architectural buildings such as the World Trade Center, hence killing thousands of Americans. The attacked marked the beginning of a new contemporary war against Iraq, the home of insurgents. Transnational threats occur when offenders come into the U.S. crossing the borders and carrying illegal objects such as drugs, weapons and illegal refugees. Drug trafficking from Mexico and illegal refugees immigration are the current transnational threats disrupting the lives and environment of American citizens. Local American teenagers are the target of drug cartels in Mexico. These teenagers receive drugs from drug lords in Mexico and then sell the drugs to fellow students, parents and other citizens with guns on their backpacks. Illegal immigrants cross the border into U.S. territory through dangerous means to achieve the American dream of improved living standards, but they are surprised to work overtime for low pay because they are illegal refugees. Free Markets Free markets allow the U.S. improve its economy and sustain the American living standards, which is higher than those of all other nations. Foreign policies created by the U.S. to serve as trade laws for foreign countries contribute to the global economy, because nations trade goods and services that they require for livelihood while coexisting as neighbors who depend on each other for development and sustenance. Multinationals that expand to new foreign markets contribute to the overall development of the global economy, because jobs are created for locals and revenue used to improve the U.S. economy. America controls the global economy, especially in the foreign exchange rates. Countries import or export products to the U.S. under the terms and conditions of the U.S. foreign policy because as a primacy, it has the right and will set trade rules and regulations to benefit its citizens. Countries that are ruled by dictators prevent free markets (Jerick, 2010). This means that the U.S. will use force to acquire the valuable resources that nation has for the purpose of sustenance. Iraq is a perfect example of a country that suffered under the rule of a dictator and insurgents for many years. The U.S. deployed its military troops in Iraq for three basic reasons: to eliminate all weapons of mass destruction, promote democracy and allow other nations to trade freely using Iraqs oil reserve. Currently American jobs are outsourced to foreign countries because of cheap labor, advanced education, skills and experience worldwide. Accounting jobs that are outsourced to India pay a minimum of $500 and a maximum of $800, which is a good salary for an employee who lives and works in India. Multinationals expand garment industries, computer companies and shoes industries in China and Japan, hence paying low cost of production for human labor but enjoying higher revenues. Democracy Democracy is a traditional principle developed by the fore fathers of America in fighting for independence against the British Colony and in supporting its allies in World War II. Democracy sets base for promotion of human rights, world peace and free markets. Without democracy, dictators exercise corruption, violence and discrimination of citizens. The U.S. foreign policy is dedicated to use force and diplomacy for failed countries to achieve democracy, because it marks the beginning of economic, political and social improvement. The democratic countries oppose and express their concerns as the ruling government abuses power. The U.S. continues to nurture countries in South America, Eastern and Central Europe and sub-Saharan Africa to become economic and diplomatic partners. In Iraq, Saddam had oppressed civilians and repressed the rights of women in voting, because his dictatorship proved to serve his interest as compared to the needs of the Iraqis and the global community. The U.S. foreign policy liberates countries that originate from colonialism oppression to dictatorship. Presidents who abuse power because they are in authority undermine economic developments, humanitarian efforts and world peace. Human Rights Countries that continue to defy U.S. foreign policy advances of democracy undermine human rights efforts. The American foreign policies united with efforts from the United Nations (UN) lead governments to practice accepted standards by the international community. In America, the rights of women, children, the disabled and the disadvantaged are protected. Workers in the U.S. job sector work according to salary they are paid and under favorable conditions that allow growth and career development. Other countries, however, lack such institutions that protect human rights. The U.S. foreign polcy steps in to help people who are oppressed by their leaders or other members of the community with the intention of improving the global economy and individual living standards. The International Criminal Court (ICC) investigates and prosecutes leaders who engaged in War Crimes. Saddams trial in the ICC led to his persecution by hanging in Iraq after he had been found guilty of crimes against humanity among other charges. The perpetrators of the Rwanda genocide were persecuted but some have sought refuge in some African states. The ICC issues warrants of arrests for perpetrators of crime in African states, encouraging them to cooperate with the international community in promoting human rights. The current situation of human trafficking is exercised in African states where children playing or returning home from school are abducted and sold to European human traffickers. These children become sex slaves in foreign countries and end up homeless when they defy the orders of their oppressors. Some children are trafficked from the Philippines, China and Cambodia. The U.S. foreign policy helps to protect the rights of children who have been trafficked from other poor countries in deporting them to their families or creating an asylum where their rights will be protected from sexual predators. The U.S. also offers free but temporary protection for people who originate from war-torn countries or fleeing from human rights abuses. These asylum seekers will only be returned to their countries after peace or human rights are exercised. In countries that defy human rights, the U.S. imposes sanctions such as economic sanctions, travel bans to the U.S. and U.S. assets freeze of leaders w ho abuse human rights. World Peace World peace is only achieved through arms control in all nations. Transparency in all defense systems worldwide ensure that world peace is promoted. All nations need to declare the size, structure and budget for arms control, military forces and finally reduce the incentives to declare and initiate attacks. The U.S. foreign policy is intended to create a safer and productive world that depends on the cooperation of all nations to achieve common goals. The reduction of offensive arms in developed nations is currently shifting to destabilizing systems. The U.S. and Russia are destroying their nuclear warheads. Other countries that were affected by World War II or took part in the war have received a ban on landmines and biological weapons that might still be active. These bans increase world peace while preventing or limiting conflict between nations. The U.S. Senate approved the Bill called Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty that prevented all nations that develop nuclear weapons from test ing them, because it would affect the lives of many people (Jerick, 2010). The U.S. foreign policy also implements security and confidence building in regions that experience instability and tension. Data from Mainstream Theorists Neoconservative Convergence Neo-conservative convergence can be defined as a political and intellectual movement that favors economic, political and social advancements that arise in antagonism to the current or perceived liberal or radical traditional views of a nation. This system was used in the late 1960s, but it was implemented in Iraq in seeking democracy and allowing its citizens to exercise their rights as human beings. America used excessive power in trying to democratize Iraq during the recent war. President Bush stated that for America to defend its citizens and other nations, advance freedom should be sought (Krauthammer, 2005). This implies that freedom has its costs and people should be ready to face the consequences of acquiring freedom from an oppressive government. The war in Iraq generated a series of heated debate on whether the use of neo-conservative convergence would benefit the country, since it seemed to be failing in the first few years of American invasion. Many people who supported the Bush administration during the war abandoned his bandwagon after the results of Iraqs post-war seemed to be the greatest failure in history of all implemented foreign policies. The Bush administration was accused of being incompetent, criminal and deceitful (Krauthammer, 2005). The crimes against the Iraqis ruined a traditional policy that was created and implemented by the fore fathers of America. Currently, the situation in Iraq and Afghanistan has taken the world of critics by surprise when the first free and fair Afghani and Iraqi elections were held. The mainstream media could not understate the elections in Iraq because of the controversy over the neo-conservative convergence method applied by the Bush administration during the war that destroyed the nation. Women and men voted in both Afghanistan and Iraq while the other Arab countries watched and wondered why they are still under dictatorship. This sparked civil unrest in Arab countries that had suffered under the rule of powerful dictators such as Hosni Mubarak and Muammar Gadhafi. The harsh critics who disregarded the Bush administration in using neo-conservative convergence now wonder whether the former President was right. In Iraq, the insurgents have the ability to instill fear, kill and destabilize the elected government but the elections confirmed that the insurgents lack a strong political program, ideology and mind to assume power in Iraq. Neo-conservative convergence administered by President Bush has made Iraq a democratic nation, a country that was marked for sorrow, brutality, and terrorism and undeveloped. A World Without a Super Power or Primacy According to Ferguson (2004), people who disregard power tend to believe that power exists in a vacuum and that it should be evenly distributed among people. This concept will lead to chaos, violence and discrimination, because individuals will desire and strive to rise above each other (2004). Power is can be equated to money in the contemporary society. Money comes and goes, but this entirely depends on the efforts of the spender. Power belonged to Spain, then France and most recently the UK. All these power houses utilized power the way they desired some took colonies while others took economic and social strategic positions in the world. In the contemporary society, the United States holds power in its political, military, social and economic structure. The super powers in the past succumbed because of overstretching. The U.S. is overstretched with most of the funds directed to defense but if the U.S. fails as a super power the alternatives: Japan, China and Germany will not take its place because of poor military, economy and social bases. America has two rivals in the power seat: China and the European Union (EU). Chinas economic growth doubles at a fast rate, but recently, its economy has slowed and this is good news to the U.S. The EU is slowly becoming powerful in its efforts in world peace, global economy and humanitarian efforts. Power struggle is a universal mastery that is adopted by different nations that have the resources and force to take strategic position. The EU has displayed an impressive economic enlargement, but it cannot be a super power because of its demography and rise of life expectancy. The fertility rates in the European societies have dropped drastically making Europe have 60 year-olds by 2050. This means that the EU cannot function as a super power, while its citizens are old and weak members of the global community. China on the other hand cannot play on the power field because its industrial production is more that the domestic consumption. This means that China depends entirely on exports for its economy, while communist domination breeds corruption and obstructs fiscal transparency. The moral decay of the Chinese citizens cannot serve as a role model in the global community taking a recent case of hit and run accident of a Chinese toddler. Wang Yue, the Chinese toddler who was hit and ran over by two tracks and ignored by 19 passers-by died of organ and brain failure. The footage of this accident and people neglecting the injured toddler from surveillance cameras was uploaded in Chinese local websites. It was later spread at the websites all over the Internet for the world to see the decay of China, a nation that wants to play in the power field. Data from Critics The Power Problem Christopher Preble is a critic of the U.S. foreign policy imposed on other countries for the benefit of the U.S. and its citizens. Hee is an executive of foreign policy studies in Washington at Cato Institute. Preble takes a different perspective concerning the power theme vested by the U.S. He considers the American defense on its borders to be the solitary legitimate use of American military power. Preble and his colleagues assert that the U.S. has the right to protect its citizens from threats and insecurity, and the military does that in it borders by preventing illegal emigrants transporting arms, drugs or illegal information (Preble, 2009). The rest of the military actions deployed to foreign countries are illegal and cost many resources including human capital. Preble denies his being an isolationist, but he is strongly inclined to free trade. Preble asserts that deploying military troops at foreign countries to wage wars leaves the U.S. vulnerable (2009). Creation of permanent alliance of interests with foreign countries distorts Americas foreign policies. Preble objects to spending money on ventures in foreign countries because it will bring the U.S. great losses. This money should be routed to social welfare programs that will only benefit Americans, or this money should be left in the pockets of American taxpayers. President Roosevelt described the military intervention during the Cold War as Americas power. Even though the Cold War was ended through negotiations, some people claim that as a primacy, the U.S. is allowed to endorse strong military personnel ready for any response but it should not be used frequently. Preble disagrees with this concept, because a military ready at any moment to wage war against foreign nations will be irresistible to temptation in intervening civil unrest and unprovoked war (Preble, 2009). The U.S. should consider using fewer resources in the defense department because it would save money for social welfare and it would fund other projects that can create employment opportunities for the youth in the U.S. Prebles ideology coincides with those of the Americas founders. The founding fathers asserted that America did not need a large military to be constantly wage war against foreign nations (Preble, 2009). America is a nation that can rise from the ruins and create the strongest economy, defense and social life, but when it is inclined to defense, all funds will be directed to that sector leaving the whole system unbalanced. Failed States Albert Einstein regarded people from all parts of the world as same species, and he appealed to all nations to consider working as a unit in achieving a single goal to avoid waging war and ending the human race. Chomsky asserts that the world accords itself the freedom, and it will to wage war under the cloak of self-defense (2006). Foreign nations follow strict international laws, rules and treaties, but the same laws are not relevant to America. The Bush and Reagan administrations enabled the U.S. to be free from strict laws that are termed as foreign policies that only apply to alien countries (Chomsky, 2006). Traditional moral standards of the U.S. declare that Americans must apply the same standards to their allies and neighbors as they do in their lives. This principle of universality is however ignored and sometimes termed as outrageous because foreign nations are inferior to the U.S. in many ways. In 2002, President Bush declared that his administration was sympathetic to pov erty, hunger, sexual discrimination, child mortality, disease, primary education and maternal health in Africa. He created a program called Millennium Challenge Boost intended to collect $10 billion to boost the living standards of the Africans (Chomsky, 2006). This program failed, and the Bush administration responded appropriately to show the world that someone should be held accountable for the failure. The head of the program resigned and the statements from President Bushs speeches about being sympathetic to Africas ailments were deleted from the programs website. President Bush even rejected an official call from Tony Blair, the previous Prime minister of the U.K., in contributing some funds to help Africa. Bush only agreed to contribute to the aid only when the funds were consistently reduced, which would lead to deaths of about 6 million Africans due to preventable diseases, hunger and poverty. President Bushs new ambassador, John Bolton, demanded the elimination of all phra ses that talked about the Millennium Development goals from all the documents prepared after intensive research and negotiations had been made to combat sexual discrimination, poverty, hunger and child mortality in Africa (Chomsky, 2006). In the war against terrorism, the U.S. is quick to point fingers that the terrorist damage lives and properties while neglecting to show how Americas terrorism destroys innocent lives and property in war torn countries. In response to the war in Iraq and Afghanistan, the U.S. term their actions as appropriate measures to combat terrorist and the innocent lives caught in the middle of the war zone are accidents or collateral damage. Democracy defined by the U.S. includes blood being shed, properties damaged and later democracy emerging as the recent case in Libya where NATOs military damaged property and innocent lives in the name of democracy. Middle East Failed Democracy Lance Selfa is amazed at the way the U.S. citizens joined the Bush administration bandwagon in claims that the war in Iraq and Afghanistan prompted neighboring nations to consider democracy such as Egypt and Syria (2005). This did not happen because President Hosni Mubarak only stepped down after his country threatened to go into civil unrest and the pressure for the Obamas administration. Syrias civil unrest is currently underway with death toll of thousands of civilians fighting for a democratic nation. The Bush administration neglected to listen to the plead of Americans who condemned the war by saying that a problem cannot be solved by the same mechanism that was used in causing it: violence. However, the Bush administration declared war on Iraq and Afghanistan and deployed troops to search for weapons of mass destruction and fight for democracy. The opponents of the war against terrorism were demoralized when President Bush was reelected to serve the second term in office. Democ racy became the new reason for the war in Iraq after the other ones turned out to be lies or have been eliminated (weapons of mass destruction, Al-Qaeda, disarming Saddam and eliminating terrorists) (Selfa, 2005). The U.S. only choses the countries it wants to democratize because of valuable resource or free markets. Americas Fifth Fleet headquarters is located in Bahrain. The locals of Bahrain always protest the U.S. military base in their country but due to the countrys dictatorship, their concerns are muted. The emir of Bahrain declared himself sovereign in 2002 (Selfa, 2005). He further explains that in 2005, about 80,000 locals disobeyed the governments ban on protests against his appointees. The nations Sunni rulers who are the minority used force to repress the demonstrators and the U.S. did not comment on the repression of democracy (Selfa, 2005). The Bush administration invaded Iraq because of oil, a natural resource that could sustain the economy of the U.S. for decades. In acquiring the oil, the war against terrorism has to be used to cover up the real purpose of the unprovoked war. Conclusion America plays both parts of being an empire and a republic. The U.S. foreign policy causes both good and harm to Americans and foreign nations. As an empire, the U.S. has complete power over global economy, defense system, information and entertainment. The U.S. can increase and reduce the value of the U.S. dollar to improve and sustain its economy, it can deploy its military troops to any country that has valuable resources and its culture is adopted in almost all countries worldwide with the exception of some African countries and all Arab nations. America deserves the power it has because of the efforts, resources and intelligence that were used to acquire and maintain it. Other alternative super powers such as China and Japan do not have the military personnel, stable economy or appropriate culture that can be imposed on other nations once they have the power. On the other hand, the U.S. foreign policy causes destruction; death and trauma to nations that do not abide by the rules and regulations set by the U.S. Iraq and Afghanistan have both witnessed the dangerous side of the U.S. foreign policy in acquiring valuable resources such as oil and promoting democracy to enhance free markets. Buy custom War and the Republic essay

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) History

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) History The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) is an industrial labor union, founded in 1905 as a more radical alternative to craft unions. An industrial union organizes by industry, rather than by craft. The IWW is also intended to be a radical and socialist union, with an anti-capitalist agenda, not just reformist agenda within an overall capitalist system. The current constitution of the IWW makes clear its class struggle orientation: The working class and the employing class have nothing in common. There can be no peace so long as hunger and want are found among millions of the working people and the few, who make up the employing class, have all the good things of life.Between these two classes a struggle must go on until the workers of the world organize as a class, take possession of the means of production, abolish the wage system, and live in harmony with the Earth.†¦.It is the historic mission of the working class to do away with capitalism. The army of production must be organized, not only for everyday struggle with capitalists, but also to carry on production when capitalism shall have been overthrown. By organizing industrially we are forming the structure of the new society within the shell of the old. Informally called the â€Å"Wobblies,† the IWW originally brought together 43 labor organizations into â€Å"one big union.† The Western Federation of Miners (WFM) was one of the larger groups that inspired the founding. The organization also brought together Marxists, democratic socialists, anarchists, and others. The union was also committed to organizing workers regardless of sex, race, ethnicity, or immigrant status. Founding Convention The Industrial Workers of the World was founded at a convention in Chicago called on June 27, 1905, which â€Å"Big Bill† Haywood called â€Å"the Continental Congress of the working class.† The convention set the direction of the IWW as a confederation of workers for â€Å"the emancipation of the working class from the slave bondage of capitalism.† Second Convention The following year, 1906, with Debs and Haywood absent, Daniel DeLeon led his followers within the organization to remove the president and abolish that office, and to diminish the influence of the Western Federation of Miners, which DeLeon and his Socialist Labor Party fellows considered too conservative. Western Federation of Miners Trial At the end of 1905, after confronting the Western Federation of Miners on strike at Coeur d’Alene, someone assassinated the governor of Idaho, Frank Steunenberg.  In the first months of 1906, the Idaho authorities kidnapped Haywood, another union official Charles Moyer, and sympathizer George A. Pettibone, taking them across state lines to stand trial in Idaho.  Clarence Darrow took up the defense of the accused, winning the case at the trial from May 9 to July 27, which was widely publicized.  Darrow won an acquittal for the three men, and the union profited from the publicity. 1908 Split In 1908, a split in the party formed when Daniel DeLeon and his followers argued that the IWW should pursue political goals through the Social Labor Party (SLP). The faction which prevailed, often identified with â€Å"Big Bill† Haywood, supported strikes, boycotts, and general propaganda, and opposed political organization. The SLP faction left the IWW, forming the Workers’ International Industrial Union, which lasted until 1924. Strikes The first IWW strike of note was the Pressed Steel Car Strike, 1909, in Pennsylvania. The Lawrence textile strike of 1912 began among the workers at the Lawrence mills and then attracted IWW organizers to help out. The strikers numbered about 60% of the city’s population and were successful in their strike. In the east and Midwest, the IWW organized many strikes. Then they organized miners and lumberjacks in the west.   People Key early organizers of the IWW included Eugene Debs, â€Å"Big Bill† Haywood, â€Å"Mother† Jones, Daniel DeLeon, Lucy Parsons, Ralph Chaplin, William Trautmann, and others.  Elizabeth Gurley Flynn gave speeches for the IWW until she was expelled from high school, then she became a full-time organizer. Joe Hill (remembered in the â€Å"Ballad of Joe Hill†) was another early member who contributed his skill in writing song lyrics including parodies.  Helen Keller joined in 1918, to considerable criticism. Many workers joined the IWW when it was organizing a particular strike, and dropped membership when the strike was over.  In 1908, the union, despite its larger-than-life image, had only 3700 members. By 1912, the membership was 30,000 but was only half that the next three years.  Some have estimated that 50,000 to 100,000 workers may have belonged to the IWW at various times. Tactics The IWW used a variety of radical and conventional union tactics. The IWW supported collective bargaining, with the union and the owners negotiating over wages and working conditions. The IWW opposed the use of arbitration – settlement with negotiations run by a third party.  They organized in mills and factories, railroad yards and railroad cars. Factory owners used propaganda, strike-breaking, and police actions to break up IWW efforts. One tactic was using Salvation Army bands to drown out IWW speakers. (No wonder some IWW songs make fun of the Salvation Army, especially Pie in the Sky or Preacher and Slave.) When the IWW struck in company towns or work camps, employers responded with violent and brutal repression. Frank Little, partly of Native American heritage, was lynched in Butte, Montana, in 1917. The American Legion attacked an IWW hall in 1919 and murdered Wesley Everest. Trials of IWW organizers on trumped-up charges was another tactic. From the Haywood trial, to the trial of immigrant Joe Hill (the evidence was slim and then disappeared) for which he was convicted and the executed in 1915, to a Seattle rally where deputies fired on a boat and a dozen people died, to the 1200 Arizona strikers and family members detained, put in railroad cars, and dumped in the desert in 1917. In 1909, when Elizabeth Gurley Flynn was arrested in Spokane, Washington, under a new law against street speeches, the IWW developed a response: whenever any member was arrested for speaking, many others would also begin speaking in the same place, daring the police to arrest them, and overwhelming the local jails.  The defense of free speech brought attention to the movement, and in some places, also brought out vigilantes using force and violence to oppose street meetings.  Free speech fights continued from 1909 through 1914 in a number of cities. The IWW advocated for general strikes to oppose capitalism in general as an economic system. Songs To build solidarity, the members of IWW often used music.  Dump the Bosses Off Your Back, Pie in the Sky (Preacher and Slave), One Big Industrial Union, Popular Wobbly, Rebel Girl were among those included in the IWW’s â€Å"Little Red Songbook.† The IWW Today The IWW still exists.  But its power diminished during World War I, as sedition laws were used to put many of its leaders in prison, totaling almost 300 people. Local police and off duty military personnel forcibly closed IWW offices. Then some key IWW leaders, immediately after the Russian Revolution of 1917, left the IWW to found the Communist Party, USA.  Haywood, charged with sedition and out on bail, fled to the Soviet Union. After the war, a few strikes were won through the 1920s and 1930s, but the IWW had faded to a very small group with little national power.

Racism in footbl Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Racism in footbl - Essay Example umbers of black players started coming into English football leagues in and it was common to hear team managers and others officials of the team say that blacks had a lot of skill in terms of their game, but they lacked the courage which other players displayed (Jarvie, 1995). These were certainly racist comments but no one paid much attention to them at the time as discussed by Szymanski (2000) who reports that this problem of racism is still not over. In fact, it has become more evident with the fans of the game in an overt manner (Moran, 2000). Even though football is the most popular sport in the world, it is still influenced by long standing biases and the stereotypes that the fans live with (Carrington and McDonald, 2001). Of course, the idea of stereotypes and biases has certainly taken a backseat in the real world simply because education, awareness and understanding has continually been developed by social scientists, yet in moments of passion such issues may surface quite clearly. To understand how racism in football affects the game, the players and the fans, it is important to examine how and why racism manifests itself in football. The basic reason for fans being racist connects directly with the hooligan culture that has developed along with football in England. A secondary reason is the higher level of racism in general when it comes to regions that have high immigrant population levels as described by Crabbe (2004). Of course, laws are in place and punitive actions have been taken by many organisations to correct the behaviour of players and fans who have engaged in racist behaviour (Carrington and McDonald, 2001). Players have been fined and fans have been banned due to racist behaviour but this may not be enough to take the evil of racism away from the sport. The analysis done by Crabbe (2004) in relation to racism indicates that football officials would rather ignore the issue rather than try to solve it. Even though the situation concerning